Which philosophy is fundamentally associated with Hinduism?

The relationship between Hinduism and the belief in reincarnation is foundational and intrinsic to its philosophical framework. In Hindu philosophy, reincarnation, or samsara, refers to the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth, which is governed by karma, the principle of cause and effect based on one's actions. This belief emphasizes the continuity of the soul and its journey through various lifetimes, allowing individuals to learn and evolve spiritually over time.

This concept is central to many Hindu practices and teachings, influencing ethics, moral behavior, and the ultimate goal of achieving moksha, or liberation from this cycle. Thus, the belief in reincarnation is not just an isolated idea but a vital aspect of Hinduism that shapes its worldview and spiritual aspirations.

Other options, while they may relate to different belief systems or interpretations, do not capture the essence of Hindu philosophy as clearly as the belief in reincarnation, which is a significant and defining characteristic of Hindu spirituality.