Which English monarch required attendance at the Church of England and imposed fines for noncompliance?

The requirement of attendance at the Church of England and the imposition of fines for noncompliance can be traced back to Elizabeth I. She established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which aimed to unify England under the Church of England following the tumultuous religious changes of the previous reigns. This settlement mandated that all subjects attend Sunday services at the Church of England, and those who failed to comply faced penalties, including fines.

Elizabeth I's policies were aimed at promoting a moderate form of Protestantism and reducing the influence of Catholicism in England. Her enforcement of religious conformity sought not only to stabilize the nation after years of religious conflict but also to secure her authority as monarch. This context is crucial, as it highlights how her rule was characterized by the need for national unity and religious uniformity.