Which concept promotes the idea that "the end justifies the means"?

The idea that "the end justifies the means" is closely associated with Machiavellianism. This concept, stemming from the political philosophy of Niccolò Machiavelli, argues that actions can be justified if they lead to a desired outcome, particularly in the context of political power and governance. Machiavellianism suggests that moral principles can be overlooked in favor of achieving objectives, making it a pragmatic approach to ethics that prioritizes results over methods.

In contrast, humanism emphasizes human values and the importance of individual dignity, often advocating for ethical conduct that respects individuals rather than justifies means based on outcomes. Stoicism focuses on virtue and self-control, valuing moral integrity and personal ethics over the consequences of one's actions. Utilitarianism, while concerned with outcomes, promotes the greatest good for the greatest number, but it does not explicitly endorse the idea that any means are permissible if the ends are favorable.

This makes Machiavellianism the most suitable answer to the concept of "the end justifies the means," as it directly supports a results-oriented view of morality.