What technique uses narrative to refer back to a time before the main storyline?

The technique that uses narrative to refer back to a time before the main storyline is known as a flashback. This device allows the author to provide important background information about characters, events, or settings that significantly impact the current narrative. By incorporating flashbacks, a story can develop a deeper understanding of the characters' motivations, unravel past events that influence the present, and create a richer, more intricate plot. This technique serves to enhance the emotional connection with the audience by revealing critical moments from the past that shadow the characters in their current situations.

In contrast, foreshadowing hints at future events and builds anticipation, which is a different narrative function. Diction relates to the choice of words and style of writing, without necessarily involving a temporal shift in the narrative. Genre categorizes narratives based on similar themes or styles, but does not specifically entail the use of past events to inform the present narrative.