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The English Civil War, which took place from 1642 to 1651, is often referred to as the Puritan Revolution. This name captures the significant role that Puritanism and the desire for religious reform played in the conflict. The Puritans, a group within the Protestant Reformation, were opposed to the monarchy's authority, particularly under King Charles I, who sought to enforce an Anglican orthodoxy that many Puritans found objectionable. Their increasing political power and influence were central to the war's progression, as they sought to establish a greater degree of religious and political freedom, culminating in the conflict between the Parliamentarians (who often aligned with Puritan values) and the Royalists.

While other terms may reference aspects of the war, such as the reliance on the Puritan cause or the struggle against royal authority, "Puritan Revolution" specifically highlights the ideological motivations that propelled the conflict and distinguishes it from purely political uprisings.

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