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The internal Church struggle concerning questions about the Church's worldly interests played a significant role in the onset of the Protestant Reformation. During the late Middle Ages, many individuals began to perceive the Catholic Church as increasingly corrupt and overly concerned with wealth and political power. This perception stemmed from several factors, including the Church's involvement in temporal affairs, the selling of indulgences, and the accumulation of property and wealth.
Critics, including reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin, argued that the Church's preoccupation with financial gain and political influence detracted from its spiritual mission. They called for a return to a more authentic and pious practice of Christianity, centered on scripture rather than the Church as an institution. This concern over the Church's secular interests inspired reformers to challenge its authority, ultimately leading to a schism that resulted in the formation of various Protestant denominations.
The other options, while important issues at the time, did not encompass the wider perception of the Church’s involvement in worldly matters that fueled the desire for reform among a broader base of clergy and laity.