What does the term 'theme' refer to in literature?

The term 'theme' in literature refers to the main idea or underlying message of a literary work. It serves as the central topic around which the narrative unfolds, often providing insight into universal human experiences, moral dilemmas, or social questions. Themes can be explicit, directly stated within the text, or implicit, requiring the reader to interpret and deduce them through the characters' actions, the plot, and the setting.

For instance, in a story about perseverance, the theme might explore the idea that hard work and resilience lead to success, reflecting a broader commentary on human experience. Understanding the theme helps readers engage more deeply with the text, allowing them to connect with the author's intentions and the larger context of the work.

The other options—emotional setting, list of characters, and sequence of events—address different aspects of a narrative but do not capture the essence of what a theme represents in literature. While they contribute to the overall storytelling, they do not convey the core message that resonates throughout the work, which is the defining characteristic of a theme.