What characterized the Commercial Revival in medieval society?

The Commercial Revival in medieval society is characterized by the renewed trade and growth of the economy after a period of decline that followed the fall of the Roman Empire. This period, roughly from the 11th to the 13th centuries, saw a significant resurgence in economic activities, driven by several factors including increased agricultural production, the rise of towns, and improved transportation networks.

As trade routes reopened and expanded, merchants began to trade not only locally but also with distant regions, leading to an influx of goods such as spices, textiles, and other commodities from Asia and the Middle East. The establishment of fairs and market towns further facilitated this commerce and encouraged a vibrant economic atmosphere. Additionally, with the increase in trade, there was a corresponding growth in artisanal production, leading to the rise of guilds and more complex economic structures.

This revival laid the groundwork for the emergence of a more market-oriented economy and eventually contributed to shifts in social and political structures, including the rise of a new merchant class. The wealth generated through this renewed trade and economic activity helped to foster developments in banking systems, urbanization, and cultural exchanges, marking a notable transformation in medieval society.