California Teacher Credentialing Examination (CSET) Practice Test

The Age of Reason, also known as the Enlightenment, was characterized by a shift towards rationalism, scientific thought, and individualism. One of its primary influences on government philosophy was the questioning of traditional authority, including Christianity and established church doctrines. Thinkers during this time, such as Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau, emphasized reason and critical thinking, leading to an environment where established beliefs were scrutinized and often challenged. This skepticism of religious dogma and the promotion of secular governance significantly shaped modern democratic theories, encouraging the idea that government should be based on rational principles rather than religious mandates.

In contrast, other options reflect ideas that did not align with the primary ethos of the Age of Reason. While some thinkers did support varying forms of governance, the general trend was towards democratic ideals rather than absolute monarchy, which is more characteristic of earlier eras. The promotion of regulated trade and increased government intervention in business affairs are more linked to later economic theories and practices, rather than the foundational philosophical shifts that defined the Age of Reason.