California Teacher Credentialing Examination (CSET) Practice Test

The establishment of the Society of Jesus, commonly known as the Jesuits, is a key element of the Counter Reformation. This movement emerged in response to the Protestant Reformation and aimed to reform the Catholic Church from within while also combating Protestant doctrines. Founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534, the Society of Jesus focused on education, missionary work, and the spreading of Catholic faith, which were central to their mission during the Counter Reformation.

This period was characterized by the Catholic Church's efforts to regain the influence it lost due to Protestantism and to address internal issues that had prompted reform-minded thinkers to challenge the Church's practices and beliefs. The Jesuits played a significant role in revitalizing the Catholic Church through their educational efforts and their commitment to theological debate, thus reinforcing the Church's doctrines and practices during a time of great religious upheaval.

The other movements listed, such as the Protestant Reformation, fundamentally aimed at breaking away from Catholic doctrines, while the Humanist Reformation and the Enlightenment Movement had different focuses related to the revival of classical learning and reason rather than direct ecclesiastical reform.